Alternating current (AC) electric power has dominated the transmission and distribution system in the U.S for over a century. However, direct current (DC) electric power offers several benefits over AC, reducing system power losses due to improved electrical conductivity utilizing fewer power cables with higher power carrying capacity. In addition, wind and solar PV generators, energy storage, electric transportation, and consumer devices all utilize DC power. Because of this evolving power landscape, estimates show that DC loads currently make up over 50% of total electricity consumption in the United States.
Recent advances in semiconductor-based power electronics (e.g., Wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors), Voltage Source Converters (VSCs), DC to DC Converters, and Gas Discharge Tubes, have created an opportunity for greater utilization of DC in distribution and transmission. However, safety and protection mechanisms required to mitigate potentially damaging faults, especially at the medium voltage DC (MVDC) level, represent a significant technology gap. This program seeks to support the advancement of MVDC circuit breaker technologies with a focus on system level integration by overcoming major adoption barriers. Transition from AC to DC will support growth in renewable energy, transportation electrification, and distributed energy resources (DERs) as well as mature industries such as subsea oil and gas exploration.